Our world is a system. We must understand it to manage. Building a web application is the same, you should know the context to create a system.

Today we will cover a topic that takes the place of honor in software development &#8211; web application architecture. The article aims to help non-technical people better understand the technical side of the business and improve communication with developers. The piece is not too technical, thus catering to a wider audience. Remember that we already uncovered topics for choosing a <a href="https://admin-prod.sombrainc.com:9443/blog/offshore-java-development">tech stack for a startup</a>, <a href="https://admin-prod.sombrainc.com:9443/blog/how-to-choose-the-right-front-end-framework">front-end framework</a>, and <a href="https://admin-prod.sombrainc.com:9443/blog/top-java-frameworks">backend frameworks.</a>
<h2>Web application architecture in details </h2>
Everyone has a  basic mental picture of how web application architecture works. The front-end application hits back-end application, which sends the database a request and does business logic, whereafter returns a response to a front-end.
We strive to take this picture and decompose it into components. The article is divided into four parts for a better understanding. The first part uncovers back-end and front-end sides of the architecture. Then we will tie them together with basic use cases and discover additional architectural components.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5767 size-full" title="web application architecture" src="http://admin-prod.sombrainc.com:9443/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture.jpg" alt="web application architecture" width="1140" height="696" srcset="https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture.jpg 1140w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-300x183.jpg 300w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-768x469.jpg 768w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-1024x625.jpg 1024w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-370x225.jpg 370w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-352x215.jpg 352w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-372x227.jpg 372w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-314x192.jpg 314w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-100x61.jpg 100w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-600x366.jpg 600w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Web-Application-Architecture-120x73.jpg 120w" sizes="(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px" />
<h3>Back-end side</h3>
The Server-side (back-end) is an application or set of applications connected to the Internet or cloud. The general gist here &#8211; to service requests. Two common components define the back-end side: web servers and databases.
A web server is easy to understand but also easy to overcomplicate. The web server process is anything that responds to an HTTP request and returns a file to it. The developer can create a static page with the web server that does nothing except present information.
The second back-end part is a database, every semi-intelligent web server leverages a database that persists something. The database is not necessarily related to web technologies. For example, hospitals stores doctors&#8217; and patients&#8217; data in a file system. This is an offline database. Not every database needs a web server, but 99% of projects with a web server require a database.
In most cases, the server and database sit on different computers but have their own connection, which ensures higher performance and optimal use of space.
The back end is a connected computer system that communicates with each other. In real web applications, the back-end is not limited to web servers and databases. There are more than 30 processes that run on the back-end of an application. If you press &#8220;Buy&#8221; on Etsy, it hits the web server and database, and 50 computers process your request. It hits payment, inventory system, security system, and a notification system to inform the vendor to start preparing the order.
<h3>Additional processes</h3>
This section will cover other back-end processes, like background processing and caching. A background process is when you need more time to process a request. The webpage is quick, but sometimes it takes longer to process. Background processing eliminates the user&#8217;s waiting time. It handles things that take a physically longer time, like crunching numbers and processing huge amounts of data.
The second process is caching, in the most basic use case, you get a request from the web server, and it hits the database, which responds. Although, hitting a database can be expensive, especially when the same request goes 100 times. You may wanna cache the response to respond faster to the client. Remember the basic idea of the cache &#8211; faster and easier access for things that happen often.
Your sofa with the jacket is the cache for your closet, or the bookshelf is the cache for the library.  Managing caches is the most challenging part of software engineering, but it&#8217;s also pervasive.
<h3>Front-end side</h3>
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5768 size-full" title="web application architecture" src="http://admin-prod.sombrainc.com:9443/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application.jpg" alt="web application architecture" width="1140" height="696" srcset="https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application.jpg 1140w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-300x183.jpg 300w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-768x469.jpg 768w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-1024x625.jpg 1024w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-370x225.jpg 370w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-352x215.jpg 352w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-372x227.jpg 372w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-314x192.jpg 314w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-100x61.jpg 100w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-600x366.jpg 600w, https://sombrainc.com/app/uploads/2019/03/Server-Side-HTML-Web-Application-120x73.jpg 120w" sizes="(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px" />
Usually, the front-end or client side is easier to conceptualize than the back-end. Front-end is any code that runs on the client&#8217;s side. The client, for example, includes the Chrome browser used to watch a video.
The main premise of the Internet is a client-server relationship, where clients make requests to a server. Let&#8217;s illustrate web application architecture using ordinary offline actions. Imagine that you go to the steakhouse and order a steak. You are the client, and the restaurant is the server. You order a steak and the restaurant responds with a meal. All back-end is the restaurant, and the front-end is a client.
An important thing to remember as a non-technical person is that the front-end and back-end always come together. When you request a change from a developer, a change will be siloed on both sides.
<h3>The connection between the back-end and front-end</h3>
Section four will tie all the stuff together. So, come back to the basic model: front-end application is something we interact with, and it makes requests to the back-end processes.
The older way of web app application behavior was that the back-end would render the entire HTML and return it back to the front-end, which displayed the data. All the HTML rendered on the back-end it&#8217;s returned in the response. All the browser has to do is display it.
Many applications use a newer model, where the back-end returns not HTML but data. While the front-end is responsible for generating all HTML tags. Usually, web applications mix both models, where the back-end can respond with 50% of the page in HTML, and the front-end renders the rest.
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
We discussed back-end and front-end responsibilities and how they can be mixed and matched. But as a non-tech, you shouldn&#8217;t think of all the tech you are working with as a magical black box. The best thing you can do to empower your communication with developers is to understand the responsibilities of different parts of the technical system.
If you have further questions regarding web application architecture, our CTO can help. <a href="https://admin-prod.sombrainc.com:9443/get-in-touch">Please contact us</a> to get a free consultation.

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